Bank of Japan Keeps Interest Rate Unchanged in September, As Expected

On Friday, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) announced that it would maintain its short-term interest rate target between 0.15% and 0.25%, following a two-day monetary policy review. This decision aligned with market expectations.

Back in July, the BoJ surprised markets by raising the policy rate by 15 basis points (bps) from 0%-0.1% to its current range of 0.15%-0.25%. The central bank also introduced a plan to taper its monthly purchases of Japanese government bonds (JGB) to approximately ¥3 trillion per month by the first quarter of 2026.

Market Reaction to BoJ’s Policy Announcement

Following the BoJ’s announcement, the USD/JPY pair saw an initial rise toward 143.00, but quickly retreated to 142.65, where it currently fluctuates. The pair is down 0.06% for the day at the time of writing.

What to Expect from the BoJ Interest Rate Decision

The BoJ’s decision to hold rates steady was largely anticipated by the market. While the central bank is expected to maintain its current stance for now, investors will be looking for any signals of when rates may rise again.

Money markets are currently pricing in a 25-basis point increase by the end of the year, which would bring the policy rate to 0.50% at the BoJ’s December meeting.

Inflation and Wage Growth: Key Factors for Future Rate Hikes

Japan’s inflation remains above the BoJ’s 2% target, and recent wage growth—1.1% year-over-year in June and 0.4% in July—suggests increased consumer spending. However, if inflation driven by cost pressures begins to weigh on spending, the central bank may face challenges in achieving demand-driven inflation, potentially delaying further rate hikes.

Political and Market Considerations

BoJ policymaker Naoki Tamura has argued that rates should be raised to at least 1% by the second half of the next fiscal year, while others, like Sanae Takaichi, a potential successor to Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, have cautioned against further hikes to avoid dampening consumer sentiment. Meanwhile, Governor Kazuo Ueda reiterated in August that the BoJ would raise rates if inflation continues to move toward the 2% target, though he acknowledged the potential for market volatility to affect the timing of such a decision.

Market Expectations Moving Forward

According to a Reuters poll, economists unanimously agreed that the BoJ would not raise rates at the September meeting, though most anticipate a hike by year-end. Analysts at Standard Chartered predict a 25 bps rate increase by December 2024 due to stronger-than-expected inflation, which has remained above the 2% target for 21 months.

Impact on USD/JPY

The Fed-BoJ policy divergence continues to dominate the USD/JPY outlook. With the US Federal Reserve recently cutting rates by 50 basis points and the potential for further easing, the yen may continue to gain against the dollar. Technical analysis suggests that a further decline in USD/JPY could bring the pair toward its 2024 low of 139.57, with deeper retracements potentially reaching the July 2023 low of 137.23 and the March 2023 low of 129.63.